Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 detection in wound tissue fluids for the assisted diagnosis of wound infection.

BACKGROUND: Infections are commonly seen in wounds. The overall infection rate is 1.8% to 4.2%. Improper infection management can lead to serious conditions and may progress to life-threatening sepsis. Because there is a need for assistance in predicting wound infection before obvious clinical symptoms, the measurement of cytokines in wound tissue fluids has attracted our attention for determining the overall status of wound infection. Our intent was to assess the potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of wound infection. METHODS: We collected 146 tissue fluids (acute: 59, chronic: 61, and normal: 26) for analysis of biomarkers using a human cytokine array. Serum C-reactive protein was also measured from 104 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of significant wound cytokines and serum C-reactive protein for the diagnosis of wound infection were evaluated. RESULTS: Among biomarkers examined, serum C-reactive protein and tissue C-reactive protein were highly expressed in acute infection wounds, whereas monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was significantly expressed in chronic infection wounds. Because the expression of wound biomarkers varied in different types of wounds, relationships among them were studied. A high correlation between tissue C-reactive protein and interleukin-8 (R2 = 0.7) and a moderate correlation between systemic and local C-reactive protein (R2 = 0.47) were observed. In addition, tissue monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 had better sensitivity (74%) and specificity (65%) in the diagnosis of wound infection. Moreover, combined serum C-reactive protein with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 examination provided a higher area under the curve in the receiver operator characteristic curve (0.75). CONCLUSION: We found that tissue monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is a superior diagnostic marker for assistance with the diagnosis of wound infection.

The Causes, Counseling, and Prevention Strategies for Maladaptive and Deviant Behaviors in Schools.

Governments, organizations, and schools around the world are committed to creating a safe and friendly campus environment to ensure students' high-quality comprehensive development and to cultivate positive mental and physical health states [...].

Point-of-care detection devices for wound care and monitoring.

Healthcare resources are heavily burdened by infections that impede the wound-healing process. A wide range of advanced technologies have been developed for detecting and quantifying infection biomarkers. Finding a timely, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic alternative that does not require a high level of training is a critical step toward arresting common clinical patterns of wound health decline. There is growing interest in the development of innovative diagnostics utilizing a variety of emerging technologies, and new biomarkers have been investigated as potential indicators of wound infection. In this review, we summarize diagnostics available for wound infection, including those used in clinics and still under development.

The Relationship between Short Video Flow, Addiction, Serendipity, and Achievement Motivation among Chinese Vocational School Students: The Post-Epidemic Era Context.

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, people have been spending more time in the online world because of restrictions on face-to-face communication due to epidemic prevention controls. This has also brought the issue of Internet addiction, including the overuse and negative effects of short videos, to the forefront of attention. Past research has found that Internet addiction has a negative impact on well-being. However, there is a special concept of positive emotion called "serendipity" (). Serendipity provides a small, fleeting but positive experience, yet it is often associated with negative perceptions from an outside perspective. However, the relationship between short video addiction and serendipity is not yet known. Based on this, a theoretical model was developed in the context of the I-PACE model. To understand the relationship between short video addiction and serendipity among college students, in this study, we conducted snowball sampling and distributed online questionnaires using the Wenjuanxing platform. The target population of the questionnaire distribution was vocational college students in China, of whom 985 valid study participants responded, yielding a valid return rate of 82.1%. Of the respondents, 410 (41.6%) were male and 575 (58.4%) were female. The results were as follows: a. short video flow had a positive relationship with serendipity, a negative relationship with achievement motivation, and a positive effect on short video addiction; b. short video addiction had a positive effect on serendipity and a negative effect on achievement motivation; and c. serendipity had a negative impact on achievement motivation. This shows that short video addiction, like other Internet addictions, can have a negative impact on students' learning.

The Association of Short-Video Problematic Use, Learning Engagement, and Perceived Learning Ineffectiveness among Chinese Vocational Students.

Short videos are very popular among students, but the immersive nature of the software makes them prone to problematic use and even addiction. Internet addiction, including short-video problematic use, has been a hot topic in recent years due to the COVID-19 epidemic. However, there are few empirical studies that have explored the effects of short-video problematic use on students. Thus, vocational colleges in China were recruited to participate in this study. There were 1089 effective participants, with a valid recall rate of 90.8%. This included 466 male students (42.8%) and 623 female students (57.2%), with a mean age of 19.19 years (standard deviation of 1.07 years). Five hypotheses were proposed and validated by structural equation modeling within the framework of ecological systems theory and engagement theory to explore the association of short-video problematic use, three types of learning engagement, and perceived learning ineffectiveness. Research findings showed that: (1) short-video problematic use has a negative effect on behavioral engagement; (2) behavioral engagement has a positive effect on both emotional and cognitive engagement; and (3) emotional and cognitive engagement have a negative effect on perceived learning ineffectiveness. According to the results, it can be seen that short-video problematic use has a detrimental effect on students' learning experiences, so teachers and parents need to pay attention to the negative effects of excessive use among students.

The effect of leisure engagement on preschool teachers' job stress and sustainable well-being.

The preschool education profession often faces many challenges and preschool teachers, as important members of the preschool education profession must respond to a variety of emergencies with young children, which also leads to high levels of job stress and can have a negative impact on their ongoing well-being. Past research has pointed out that a healthy lifestyle is one of the key factors in enhancing sustainable well-being in high-stress work situations and many studies have found that good leisure activity engagement as a healthy lifestyle is associated with higher levels of well-being. However, the relationship between preschool teachers' leisure engagement and sustainable well-being has been less explored. Therefore, this study proposed seven research hypotheses based on the engagement theory proposed by Fredricks et al. (2004) and developed a research model to explore the relationship between three types of leisure engagement, including behavioral, affective and cognitive, and preschool teachers' job stress and sustainable well-being, using age as a control variable. This study used a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire with a convenience sample of 500 preschool teachers in China. The collected data were analyzed for reliability and validity, model fit testing and structural equation modeling for model validation after removing invalid data and incomplete responses. The results of the study showed that (a) behavioral engagement was not related with either the job stress or sustainable well-being of preschool teachers; (b) Emotional and cognitive engagement were negatively related to job stress but positively related to the sustainable well-being of preschool teachers; and (c) Job stress was negatively related to the sustainable well-being of preschool teachers; (d) Age is an effective control variable. From the above results, it is clear that not all three types of leisure engagement are effective in terms of reducing the work stress of preschool teachers. As well as being related to the sustainable well-being of preschool teachers emotional and cognitive engagement contributed more to sustainable well-being acquisition.

Paper-Based Interleukin-6 Test Strip for Early Detection of Wound Infection.

The early stage of wound infection is always non-specific. Prompt intervention may help to prevent the wound from worsening. We developed a new protocol, based on previous research, that employs a paper-based IL-6 test strip used in combination with a spectrum-based optical reader to detect IL-6 in normal tissue (n = 19), acute wounds (n = 31), and chronic wounds (n = 32). Our data indicated the presence of significantly higher levels of IL-6 in acute wound tissues, but no significant difference in serum CRP. Receiver operating characteristics were used to determine clinical sensitivity and specificity of tissue IL-6 and systemic CRP. The area under the curve values were 0.87 and 0.63, respectively. The cut-off value of 30 pg/mL for IL-6 provided good sensitivity (75.0%) and superior specificity (88.9%). We found a high correlation between the IL-6 test strip and conventional ELISA results (R2 = 0.85, p < 0.001), and good agreement was also observed according to Bland-Altman analysis. We showed a promising role of tissue IL-6 to help early diagnosis of wound infection when clinical symptoms were non-specific. The advantages of this wound detection protocol included minimal invasiveness, small sample requirements, speed, sample preparation ease, and user-friendliness. This methodology could help care providers quickly clarify wound infection status and implement timely, optimal management.

Effects of Short Video Addiction on the Motivation and Well-Being of Chinese Vocational College Students.

While media use can be beneficial in some ways, excessive use of media has led to growing concerns about its potential negative consequences. With the popularity of Chinese video applications (apps) such as DouYin, TikTok, Kwai, and other short video apps sweeping through schools around the world. Due to the diversity and immersion principle of short videos, their popularity continues to grow, and the phenomenon of students being addicted to short videos also brings many hidden dangers to the learning effect. Among other things, the problem of excessive use of the Internet among Chinese youth has led the government to propose a series of control policies to strengthen the monitoring of harmful habits of youth in the use of online applications. In addition, the problem of youth addiction to short videos has become a major concern for education experts and the general public, thus demonstrating that short video addiction is indeed an ongoing research issue. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the causes of short-form video addiction and its impact on the psychology of learning, and to investigate the relationship between short-form video flow experience, short-form video addiction, intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation, and learning well-being from the perspectives of flow experience theory and micro ecological systems. The questionnaire was sent via instant messaging software such as QQ and WeChat, and university students from vocational colleges in China were invited to complete the questionnaire. A total of 517 valid data were collected, including 222 (42.9%) were male students and 295 (57.1%) were female students. The collected questionnaires were analyzed for reliability and validity after removing incomplete data, followed by structural equation modeling for model verification. The findings showed that: (1) short video flow experience had a positive effect on short video addiction; (2) short video addiction had a negative effect on intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation; (3) intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation had a positive effect on learning well-being; (4) short video flow experience had an indirect negative effect on intrinsic and extrinsic learning motivation; (5) short video flow and short video addiction had indirect negative effects on learning well-being. According to the results, it is clear that addiction to short videos has a negative impact on learners' learning motivation and positive psychology of learning, so parents and teachers should effectively guide students to use short video apps in a self-controlled way.

The Relationship of Breathing and COVID-19 Anxiety When Using Smart Watches for Guided Respiration Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study.

COVID-19 mortality rates are increasing worldwide, which has led to many highly restrictive precautionary measures and a strong sense of anxiety about the outbreak for many people around the world. There is thus an increasing concern about COVID-19 anxiety, resulting in recommending approaches for effective self-care. From a positive psychology perspective, it is also important for people to have positive affect when dealing with this pandemic. According to previous literature, respiration is considered to be an effective way to enhance people's mental health. Among all the wearable devices, Apple Watch has the largest market share, so this study recruited Chinese users that use respiration exercise function on Apple Watch; a total of 316 valid data were retrieved. Meanwhile, to understand one approach related to using Apple Watch to practice respiration to reduce COVID-19 anxiety about being infected during the COVID-19 outbreak, this study used a web-based cross-sectional survey to examine anxiety about being infected by COVID-19 among Chinese people who had been using the Apple Watch to practice respiration during the period of the COVID-19 outbreak. The study was based on the Health Theoretical Model, and the model was developed with four dimensions and was validated with structural equation modeling. The results of this study showed that practicing few minutes had a positive relationship on positive attitude, and positive attitude had a negative relationship on pandemic anxiety and a positive relationship on continuance use intention. Anxiety about the pandemic had a negative relationship on the intention to continue using the function. This showed that respiration practice can help to suppress the increase in anxiety levels regarding this pandemic.

Point-of-Care Wound Blotting with Alcian Blue Grading versus Fluorescence Imaging for Biofilm Detection and Predicting 90-Day Healing Outcomes.

Biofilm infection has been identified as a crucial factor of the pathogenesis of chronic wound, but wound biofilm diagnosis remains as an unmet clinical need. We previously proposed a modified wound blotting technique using Alcian blue staining for biofilm detection that was characterized as being non-invasive, time-saving, non-expansive, and informative for biofilm distribution. In this study, we adapted a novel Alcian blue grading method as the severity of biofilm infection for the wound blotting technique and compared its biofilm detection efficacy with MolecuLight i:X- a point-of-care florescence imaging device to detect bacteria and biofilm in wounds. Moreover, their predictive value of complete wound healing at 90 days was analyzed. When validated with wound culture results in the 53 enrolled subjects with chronic wounds, the modified wound blotting method showed a strong association with wound culture, while MolecuLight i:X only exhibited a weak association. In predicting 90-day wound outcomes, the modified wound blotting method showed a strong association (Kendall's tau value = 0.563, p < 0.001), and the wound culture showed a moderate association (Spearman's rho = 0.535, p < 0.001), but MolecuLight i:X exhibited no significant association (p = 0.184). In this study, modified wound blotting with the Alcian blue grading method showed superior value to MolecuLight i:X both in biofilm detection and predictive validity in 90-day wound-healing outcomes.

The Relationship of Social Media Addiction With Internet Use and Perceived Health: The Moderating Effects of Regular Exercise Intervention.

The popularity of online social media in recent years has not only brought information and social convenience to people's lives, but has also given rise to many problems, among which social media addiction (SMA) has become a concern of many scholars and experts. Past research has shown that regular exercise (REx) can have many health benefits for the body, so numerous scholars and experts believe that this may be one possible strategy for reducing the health effects of online community addiction and Internet use (IU). Therefore, this study adopted a secondary data research approach to explore and predict the effect of age on social media use and personal health, and therefore included age as a control variable to investigate whether the intervention of REx, excluding the effect of age, moderates the effect of SMA on IU and on perceived health (PH). The participants of this study were adults aged 18 years or older in Taiwan, using the 2019 "Survey Research Data Archive," Vol. 7, No. 5 data. A total of 1,933 questionnaires were retrieved, and after elimination of invalid responses, 1,163 data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, PLS-SEM. The results were as follows: (1) SMA positively affected IU, (2) SMA could negatively affect PH, (3) there was no statistical effect of IU on PH, (4) SMA did not indirectly affect PH through IU, (5) REx had a moderating effect on SMA and IU, and (6) REx did not regulate the effect of SMA on PH. First, from these results, it is clear that the negative health effects of SMA may not be simply due to prolonged IU. Secondly, while it is true that the moderating effect for people with low levels of SMA can reduce IU, for people with high levels of SMA, the moderating effect of REx becomes a catalyst for increased Internet usage behavior. Finally, we draw conclusions based on the results of the study and propose directions and recommendations for follow-up research.

Resuming Oral Feeding in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Free Anterolateral Thigh Flap Reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Quality of life and functional improvement have emerged as important goals for patients with oncologic disease. For patients with head and neck cancer, free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps serve as reliable reconstruction and provide functional restoration. Nevertheless, factors affecting the resumption of oral feeding are rarely described. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the functional outcomes of oral feeding for patients with different oncologic defect patterns and reconstructive ALT flap designs. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with head and neck cancer undergoing oncologic ablation and free ALT reconstruction between January 2016 and April 2018 at National Taiwan University Hospital. Patients were categorized into 2 groups as through-and-through (T&T) and non-through-and-through (non-T&T) according to the defect pattern. We further subgrouped T&T patients into lip resection/lip sparing according to lip involvement. Reconstructive ALT flaps were of 2 designs, folded (F-ALT) and chimeric (C-ALT). Outcomes of oral feeding were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and differences between groups were compared using the Student t test. RESULTS: We identified 233 patients who received oncologic ablation and free ALT flap reconstruction. There was no significant difference in functional recovery between the T&T and non-T&T groups (81.2% vs 73%, P = 0.137). However, among patients who succeeded in resuming oral feeding, lip-sparing patients had better functional recovery in terms of early oral feeding within 6 months and nasogastric tube removal compared with lip-resection patients (100% vs 83.3%, P = 0.001). Moreover, the F-ALT design resulted in a higher success rate in resuming oral feeding compared with the C-ALT design (90.5% vs 54.6%, P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with head and neck cancer with T&T defects were associated with higher rates of secondary flap revision and a trend of delayed oral feeding. In the long term, improved oral feeding outcome with the F-ALT design was observed compared with the C-ALT design in the specific group with T&T defect.

Effective Removal of Clenbuterol and Ractopamine from Water with a Stable Al(III)-Based Metal-Organic Framework.

Clenbuterol (CLE) and ractopamine (RAC) are two kinds of typical ß2-adrenergic agonists which pose a serious threat to the health of human beings. In this work, 10 kinds of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high stability and various pore features are screened to assess adsorption performance for CLE and RAC. An Al(III)-MOF (BUT-19) with abundant ethyl groups exhibits exceptional performance in removing CLE and RAC from water. The maximum adsorption capacity for CLE and RAC are up to 294.1 and 366.3 mg/g under the optimum adsorption conditions, respectively. Meanwhile, the adsorption mechanism effects of pH, temperature, and coexisted ions are investigated systematically. It is found that the MOF pore size and weak hydrogen-bond interactions between CLE/RAC molecules and the MOF are the main causes leading to the extraordinary adsorption. This study provides a new idea for the purposeful design and synthesis of MOFs for removing environmental pollutants and sheds light on the depuration of contaminated water.

Rapid detection of biofilm with modified alcian blue staining: In-vitro protocol improvement and validation with clinical cases.

For chronic wounds, biofilm infection is a critical issue because it can tip the scales toward an unhealing state. Biofilm-based wound therapy has been extensively advocated. However, point-of-care biofilm diagnosis still largely relies on clinical judgment. In this study, we aimed to develop a rapid tool for diagnosing wound biofilm presence by alcian blue staining. First, we sought to optimize alcian blue staining using a colorimetric-based approach to detect the biofilm, specifically targeting polysaccharides in the extracellular polymeric substances. Among examined transfer membranes and cationic detergents at various concentrations, we selected a positively charged nylon transfer membrane for sample loading, and 1% cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) as the blocking solution. After sample loading and blocking, the membrane was immersed in alcian blue solution for staining, followed by immersion in 1% CTAC to decrease background noise. Each step required only 30 seconds, and the whole procedure was completed within a few minutes. In the second part of this study, we enrolled 31 patients with chronic wounds to investigate the predictive validity of biofilm detection for unhealed wounds at a 1-month follow-up visit. Among the 18 cases with positive wound biofilm staining, 15 wounds (83.3%) were not healed at the 1-month follow-up visit. Only three unhealed wounds (30%) produced in negative staining cases. This finding indicates that biofilm infection is associated with poor healing outcome for chronic wounds. Moreover, our staining results correlated well with the clinical microbiological culture assessment (83.9% consistency; 95.2% sensitivity, and 60% specificity). In conclusion, the modified alcian blue staining protocol used here represents a rapid and sensitive procedure for detecting biofilm in chronic wounds. This technique provides a practical point-of-care approach for detection of wound biofilm, the implementation of which may improve clinical outcomes for chronic wound patients. Additional studies are required to validate this method.

Rose bengal as photocatalyst: visible light-mediated Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroalkenes in water.

A novel and facile visible-light-mediated alkylation of indoles and nitroalkenes has been developed. In this protocol, rose bengal acts as a photosensitizer, and environmentally benign water was used as the green and efficient reaction medium. Indoles reacted smoothly with nitroalkenes under the irradiation of visible-light and generated corresponding 3-(2-nitroalkyl)indoles in moderate to good yields (up to 87%).

[Research progress on the monitoring methods of atmospheric nitrogen deposition]. / å¤§æ°”æ°®æ²‰é™ç›‘æµ‹æ–¹æ³•ç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

As an important component of global nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycle, atmospheric N deposition refers to the removal process of reactive N, including oxidized N (NOy) and reduced N (NHx), from the atmosphere to earth surface through dry and wet deposition. Nitrogen deposition can exert important impacts on the structure and functioning of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Increasing N deposition poses a potential threat to natural ecosystems and human health. It is a challenge to accurately monitor the composition and flux of dry and wet N deposition in different ecosystems, using a unified technology. Here, we reviewed the research progress on monitoring methods of dry and wet N deposition in China and aboard, including micrometeorology, inferential method, model estimation, surrogate surface, precipitation collection, and ion exchange resin methods. We further discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method in terms of its applications at regional, national, and global scales. This review would provide a methodological support to establish national monitoring network for atmospheric N deposition.

Enantioselective photooxygenation of ß-dicarbonyl compounds in batch and flow photomicroreactors.

A series of C-2' modified cinchonine-derived phase-transfer catalysts were synthesized and used in the enantioselective photo-organocatalytic aerobic oxidation of ß-dicarbonyl compounds with excellent yields (up to 97%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 90% ee). Furthermore, the reaction was carried out in a flow photomicroreactor, in which the heterogeneous gas-liquid-liquid asymmetric photocatalytic oxidation reaction was performed affording good yields (up to 97%) and enantioselectivities (up to 86% ee) within 0.89 min.

[Small splint external fixation combined with 3D printing brace for the treatment of Colles fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the short-term clinical efficacy of manipulation reduction-combined with small splint and 3D printing wrist brace external fixation of wrist brace for Colles fracture and the advantages of using the brace. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with Colles fractures who were treated in Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February to December 2017 were selected. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the order of treatment, with 30 patients in the control group, including 13 males and 17 females, aged from 16 to 66 years, with a mean of (49.46±12.63) years; the time from injury to consultation ranged from 3 to 18 h, averaged (6.86±3.15) h. In the experimental group, there were 30 cases, 12 males and 18 females, ranging in age from 14 to 68 years old, with a mean of (46.73±14.40) years old; the time from injury to consultation ranged from 3 to 19 h, averaged(7.06±3.45)h. All the patients in the experimental group and the control group were treated with the same doctor's manipulation to reduce the fracture. The small splints were applied for external fixation after the satisfactory reduction shown in the X-ray. After 1 week of fracture treatment, the small splints were removed from the patients in the experimental group and the 3D printing braces were replaced to maintain fixation until the fracture healed. In the control group, small splints were maintained until the fracture healed. Wrist joint X-ray films were taken before and after reduction and 4 weeks after reduction to observe the palmar inclination angle, ulnar deviation angle, radius height and compare; VAS score and swelling degree score were recorded before and after reduction for 1 and 2 weeks; Cooney and PRWE score of wrist joint were compared after 6 to 8 weeks of reduction. RESULTS: The VAS score of 2 weeks after reduction was 2.40±0.49 in the experimental group and 2.43±0.50 in the control group. There was no statistical difference in the VAS score between the two groups before and after reduction(P=0.364). The swelling degree of 2 weeks after reduction was 0.50±0.50 in the experimental group and 0.53±0.50 in the control group. There was no statistical difference in the swelling degree between the two groups before and after reduction(P=0.746). The Cooney and PRWE scores of the experimental group were better than those of the control group 6 to 8 weeks after reduction (P<0.05), and the anatomical characteristics of palmar inclination, ulnar deviation and radial shortening of the experimental group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 3D printing braces are light and breathable, comfortable and beautiful, and convenient for dressing. The combination of small splint sequentially applied to Colles fracture has a definite clinical effect, which enriches the means of external fixation treatment. It is believed that with the deepening of clinical research, the design and materials of 3D printing braces as well as their application in future medical treatment will be further developed.

5-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-3-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (DDO-7263), a novel Nrf2 activator targeting brain tissue, protects against MPTP-induced subacute Parkinson's disease in mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and protects PC12 cells against oxidative stress.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common aging-related neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are critical events in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD. In this study, we found that DDO-7263, a novel Nrf2-ARE activator reported by us, has ideal therapeutic effects on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease in mice. DDO-7263 improved the behavioral abnormalities induced by MPTP in mice, significantly attenuated chemically induced dopaminergic neuron loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of the mouse brain and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors. In addition, DDO-7263 protected PC12 neurons from H2O2-induced oxidative damage. The neuroprotective effects of DDO-7263 were confirmed both in vitro and in vivo models. Further studies showed that the neuroprotective effect of DDO-7263 was mediated by the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. DDO-7263 induced NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition is dependent on Nrf2 activation. This conclusion was also verified in THP-1-derived macrophages (THP-Ms). DDO-7263 significantly inhibited NLRP3 activation, cleaved caspase-1 production and IL-1ß protein expression in ATP-LPS-exposed THP-Ms cells. The pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution results indicated that DDO-7263 has a brain tissue targeting function. All these lines of evidence show that DDO-7263 has ideal therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.